Wednesday, December 01, 2004
[IWS] IILS: WORK IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY (online 30 November 2004)
IWS Documented News Service
_______________________________
Institute for Workplace Studies Professor Samuel B. Bacharach
School of Industrial & Labor Relations Director, Institute for Workplace Studies
Cornell University
16 East 34th Street, 4th floor Stuart Basefsky
New York, NY 10016 Director, IWS News Bureau
________________________________________________________________________
From the International Institute for Labour Studies (IILS - at the ILO)
WORK IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Papers and proceedings of an international symposium
Tokyo, 1-3 December 2003
edited by Jean-Pierre Laviec, Mitsuko Horiuchi and Kazuo Sugenoby.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/inst/download/global.pdf
[full-text, 231 pages]
The present volume includes the text of the lectures and proceedings of a symposium held in connection with the Sixth Nobel Peace Prize Social Policy Lectures held in the University of Tokyo from 1 to 3 December
2003. The theme of the lectures and the symposium was "New forms and meanings of work in an increasingly globalized world". This volume is brought out as a joint publication of the University of Tokyo, the
International Institute for Labour Studies in Geneva and the ILO Office in Tokyo.
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Chapter I.
Lecture 1: The pains and rewards of work in the twenty-first century Ronald Dore . . . . . . . . . . 1
Various Utopias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The agenda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Work intensification . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
The shift in priorities: Managers . . . . . 9
The shift in priorities: Governments . . . 12
Competition intensified . . . . . . . . . . 14
The multiple forms of job satisfaction . . 17
Social usefulness . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Justice and the reward system: Software
engineers and office cleaners . . . . . . . 21
Chapter II.
Lecture 2: The concrete meanings of labour market
flexibility Ronald Dore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Productive efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Speed of adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Two kinds of flexibility: Two kinds of efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Core and periphery . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Contrasting mindsets . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Why all the emphasis on market mobility? 29
The end of jobs for life? . . . . . . . . . . 32
And inequality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Technological sophistication and learning ability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
The drive for flexibility and the growth of ÂflexibleÂ
staffing arrangements Susan Houseman . . . . . . 39
Trends in flexible staffing arrangements . 40
Supply-side considerations: Have flexible staffing arrangements grown because workers want them? . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
The demand side: What advantages do flexible staffing arrangements offer employers? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Numerical flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Flexibility to dismiss individuals and the
role of screening . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Wage flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Flexibility in benefits and other non-wage labour costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Deregulation and labour law François Gaudu . . . . 51
Diversity of situations . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Changes affecting flexibility . . . . . . . 53
New needs for manpower give rise to new issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Work in the global economy
Converging trends: Work intensification . 54
Growing internal flexibility . . . . . . . . 54
End of the job for life: Atypical work . . . 56
The reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
New career patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Taking gender seriously: The feminization of non-standard work in the Republic of Korea and in Japan Johee Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Explaining variations in non-standard
work: A gender perspective . . . . . . . . 65
Women part-timers in Japan: Are they really ÂhappyÂ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Equalizing misery: The rise of temporary
work in the Republic of Korea . . . . . . 73
Conclusion: Towards a new employment relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Comment by Hiroya Nakakubo . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Chapter III.
Lecture 3: The direction of social change
Ronald Dore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Norms of fairness: The power dimension . 87
Norms of fairness: The ethical dimension 88
The mid-century consensus . . . . . . . . 90
The new consensus . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Whence the change? . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Deeper roots: Ideological and political . . 95
Deeper roots: History, family, school, affluence, migration and demography . . 96
Contents
A possible change of heart? . . . . . . . 99
A basic income? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Balancing values to build a legitimate society
Ann Numhauser-Henning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
The theory of legal development as a
normative pattern in a normative field . . 106
Developments in labour law . . . . . . . 108
Developments in social security law . . . 114
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Rethinking social change Fumiko Obata . . . . . . 121
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
What are the possible sources of a rethink? 122
Customer choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Karoshi and karo-jisatsu . . . . . . . . . 124
Human capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Can Japanese families change their lifestyle?
Masakazu Yano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Introduction: The sleepless society . . . . 129
Uniqueness of Japanese lifestyle and gender gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
What has changed and what has not changed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
The paradox of the five-day week . . . . . 135
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Comment by Yuji Genda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Comment by Mizumachi Yuichiro . . . . . . . . . . 143
What is the key to changing the situation? 143
What is a desirable legal framework? . . . 144
Work in the global economy
Chapter IV.
Lecture 4: Global markets and national employment
systems Ronald Dore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Imposing standards . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
The cosmopolitan élite . . . . . . . . . . 150
Fear, sympathy and solidarity . . . . . . . 152
Cultural hegemony . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Ideologies and markets . . . . . . . . . . 154
Possibilities for the future . . . . . . . . 156
The diversities of capitalism . . . . . . . 157
Final words: Final questions . . . . . . . 159
The dynamic of the European social model
Manfred Weiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Labour law and policy in an era of globalization: A Japanese report
Ryuichi Yamakawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Present state of globalization:
The Japanese situation . . . . . . . . . . 172
Foreign direct investment: Movement of
enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Free trade: Movement of products . . . . 173
Global financial market: Movement of
capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Policy issues arising from globalization . 175
Domestic labour policy in a global
economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Comments on policy issues . . . . . . . . 180
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Contents
xv
Comment by Keisuke Nakamura . . . . . . . . . . 185
Chapter V.
Summary of the discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Comment by Susan Houseman, summarizing
Session II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Concepts of flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . 189
The increase in flexibility and changing
industrial relations practices . . . . . . . 190
Why are these changes occurring? . . . . 191
Are the growth in flexibility and related
changes to industrial relations practices
desirable? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Comment by Ann Numhauser-Henning summarizing
Session III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Comment by Manfred Weiss summarizing Session IV 199
Concluding remarks by Kazuo Sugeno . . . . . . . 203
Appendix I Agenda of the meeting . . . . . . . . 207
Appendix II Profiles of panellists and commentators 211
Work in the global economy
_____________________________
This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.
Stuart Basefsky *
Director, IWS News Bureau *
Institute for Workplace Studies *
Cornell/ILR School *
16 E. 34th Street, 4th Floor *
New York, NY 10016 *
*
Telephone: (607) 255-2703 *
Fax: (607) 255-9641 *
E-mail: smb6@cornell.edu *
****************************************
_______________________________
Institute for Workplace Studies
School of Industrial & Labor Relations
Cornell University
16 East 34th Street, 4th floor
New York, NY 10016
________________________________________________________________________
From the International Institute for Labour Studies (IILS - at the ILO)
WORK IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Papers and proceedings of an international symposium
Tokyo, 1-3 December 2003
edited by Jean-Pierre Laviec, Mitsuko Horiuchi and Kazuo Sugenoby.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/inst/download/global.pdf
[full-text, 231 pages]
The present volume includes the text of the lectures and proceedings of a symposium held in connection with the Sixth Nobel Peace Prize Social Policy Lectures held in the University of Tokyo from 1 to 3 December
2003. The theme of the lectures and the symposium was "New forms and meanings of work in an increasingly globalized world". This volume is brought out as a joint publication of the University of Tokyo, the
International Institute for Labour Studies in Geneva and the ILO Office in Tokyo.
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Chapter I.
Lecture 1: The pains and rewards of work in the twenty-first century Ronald Dore . . . . . . . . . . 1
Various Utopias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The agenda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Work intensification . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
The shift in priorities: Managers . . . . . 9
The shift in priorities: Governments . . . 12
Competition intensified . . . . . . . . . . 14
The multiple forms of job satisfaction . . 17
Social usefulness . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Justice and the reward system: Software
engineers and office cleaners . . . . . . . 21
Chapter II.
Lecture 2: The concrete meanings of labour market
flexibility Ronald Dore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Productive efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Speed of adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Two kinds of flexibility: Two kinds of efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Core and periphery . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Contrasting mindsets . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Why all the emphasis on market mobility? 29
The end of jobs for life? . . . . . . . . . . 32
And inequality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Technological sophistication and learning ability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
The drive for flexibility and the growth of ÂflexibleÂ
staffing arrangements Susan Houseman . . . . . . 39
Trends in flexible staffing arrangements . 40
Supply-side considerations: Have flexible staffing arrangements grown because workers want them? . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
The demand side: What advantages do flexible staffing arrangements offer employers? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Numerical flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Flexibility to dismiss individuals and the
role of screening . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Wage flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Flexibility in benefits and other non-wage labour costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Deregulation and labour law François Gaudu . . . . 51
Diversity of situations . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Changes affecting flexibility . . . . . . . 53
New needs for manpower give rise to new issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Work in the global economy
Converging trends: Work intensification . 54
Growing internal flexibility . . . . . . . . 54
End of the job for life: Atypical work . . . 56
The reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
New career patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Taking gender seriously: The feminization of non-standard work in the Republic of Korea and in Japan Johee Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Explaining variations in non-standard
work: A gender perspective . . . . . . . . 65
Women part-timers in Japan: Are they really ÂhappyÂ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Equalizing misery: The rise of temporary
work in the Republic of Korea . . . . . . 73
Conclusion: Towards a new employment relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Comment by Hiroya Nakakubo . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Chapter III.
Lecture 3: The direction of social change
Ronald Dore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Norms of fairness: The power dimension . 87
Norms of fairness: The ethical dimension 88
The mid-century consensus . . . . . . . . 90
The new consensus . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Whence the change? . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Deeper roots: Ideological and political . . 95
Deeper roots: History, family, school, affluence, migration and demography . . 96
Contents
A possible change of heart? . . . . . . . 99
A basic income? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Balancing values to build a legitimate society
Ann Numhauser-Henning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
The theory of legal development as a
normative pattern in a normative field . . 106
Developments in labour law . . . . . . . 108
Developments in social security law . . . 114
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Rethinking social change Fumiko Obata . . . . . . 121
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
What are the possible sources of a rethink? 122
Customer choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Karoshi and karo-jisatsu . . . . . . . . . 124
Human capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Can Japanese families change their lifestyle?
Masakazu Yano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Introduction: The sleepless society . . . . 129
Uniqueness of Japanese lifestyle and gender gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
What has changed and what has not changed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
The paradox of the five-day week . . . . . 135
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Comment by Yuji Genda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Comment by Mizumachi Yuichiro . . . . . . . . . . 143
What is the key to changing the situation? 143
What is a desirable legal framework? . . . 144
Work in the global economy
Chapter IV.
Lecture 4: Global markets and national employment
systems Ronald Dore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Imposing standards . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
The cosmopolitan élite . . . . . . . . . . 150
Fear, sympathy and solidarity . . . . . . . 152
Cultural hegemony . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Ideologies and markets . . . . . . . . . . 154
Possibilities for the future . . . . . . . . 156
The diversities of capitalism . . . . . . . 157
Final words: Final questions . . . . . . . 159
The dynamic of the European social model
Manfred Weiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Labour law and policy in an era of globalization: A Japanese report
Ryuichi Yamakawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Present state of globalization:
The Japanese situation . . . . . . . . . . 172
Foreign direct investment: Movement of
enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Free trade: Movement of products . . . . 173
Global financial market: Movement of
capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Policy issues arising from globalization . 175
Domestic labour policy in a global
economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Comments on policy issues . . . . . . . . 180
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Contents
xv
Comment by Keisuke Nakamura . . . . . . . . . . 185
Chapter V.
Summary of the discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Comment by Susan Houseman, summarizing
Session II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Concepts of flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . 189
The increase in flexibility and changing
industrial relations practices . . . . . . . 190
Why are these changes occurring? . . . . 191
Are the growth in flexibility and related
changes to industrial relations practices
desirable? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Comment by Ann Numhauser-Henning summarizing
Session III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Comment by Manfred Weiss summarizing Session IV 199
Concluding remarks by Kazuo Sugeno . . . . . . . 203
Appendix I Agenda of the meeting . . . . . . . . 207
Appendix II Profiles of panellists and commentators 211
Work in the global economy
_____________________________
This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.
Stuart Basefsky
Director, IWS News Bureau
Institute for Workplace Studies
Cornell/ILR School
16 E. 34th Street, 4th Floor
New York, NY 10016
Telephone: (607) 255-2703
Fax: (607) 255-9641
E-mail: smb6@cornell.edu
****************************************
# posted by SBasefsky : 7:29 AM
