Friday, October 13, 2006
[IWS] WHO: HUMAN RESOURCES for HEALTH in EUROPE [2006]
IWS Documented News Service
_______________________________
Institute for Workplace Studies----------------- Professor Samuel B. Bacharach
School of Industrial & Labor Relations-------- Director, Institute for Workplace Studies
Cornell University
16 East 34th Street, 4th floor---------------------- Stuart Basefsky
New York, NY 10016 -------------------------------Director, IWS News Bureau
________________________________________________________________________
World Health Organization (WHO)
European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies & Open University Press
Human Resources for Health in Europe [2006]
http://www.euro.who.int/Document/E87923.pdf
[full-text, 276 pages]
Edited by Carl-Ardy Dubois, Martin McKee and Ellen Nolte
Contents
Acknowledgements ix
List of tables xi
List of boxes xiii
List of figures xv
List of contributors xvii
Series editors introduction xix
Foreword xxi
one Human resources for health in Europe 1
Carl-Ardy Dubois, Ellen Nolte and Martin McKee
two Analysing trends, opportunities and challenges 15
Carl-Ardy Dubois, Martin McKee and Ellen Nolte
three Migration of health workers in Europe: policy problem or policy solution? 41
James Buchan
four Changing professional boundaries 63
Martin McKee, Carl-Ardy Dubois and Bonnie Sibbald
five Structures and trends in health profession education in Europe 79
Elizabeth K. Kachur and Karl Krajic
six Managing the performance of health professionals 98
Charles Shaw
seven Health care managers as a critical component of the health care workforce 116
Ann Mahon and Ruth Young
eight Incentives in health care: the shift in emphasis from the implicit to the explicit 140
Alan Maynard
nine Enhancing working conditions 155
Sigrún Gunnarsdóttir and Anne Marie Rafferty
ten Reshaping the regulation of the workforce in European health care systems 173
Carl-Ardy Dubois, Anna Dixon and Martin McKee
eleven The challenges of transition in CEE and the NIS of the former USSR 193
Carl Afford and Suszy Lessof
twelve The impact of EU law and policy 214
Rita Baeten and Yves Jorens
thirteen Moving forward: building a strategic framework for the development of the health care workforce 235
Carl-Ardy Dubois, Martin McKee and Ellen Nolte
Index 241
viii Human resources for health in Europe
List of tables
2.1 Approaches to analysing future trends 18
2.2 Ratio of the duration of retirement compared to working life in Europe, 1950 and 1990 23
2.3 GPs use of electronic technology (%) 27
3.1 Main push and pull factors in migration and international recruitment of health workers 44
3.2 Typology of migrant health workers 45
3.3 Doctors and nurses of EU Member States obtaining authorization to practise in other EU countries in 2000 46
3.4 Key indicators of migration and international recruitment of health workers 48
3.5 Examples of potential policy interventions in international recruitment 60
4.1 Factors driving changes in skill mix and possible responses 65
4.2 A taxonomy of changes in skill mix in health care 66
4.3 Potential substitutes for nursing roles 70
5.1 Educational paths for medicine and nursing in Europe 85
5.2 Trainee selection strategies 91
5.3 Curriculum topics that cross discipline and national lines 95
6.1 Explicit national policies on performance 100
7.1 Attitudes of different United Kingdom professionals to health service modernization 120
8.1 Types of incentives in medical practice 144
8.2 Provider payment systems 148
9.1 Work context and conditions for quality 160
9.2 Management of people and conditions for quality 164
9.3 Factors supporting positive attributes in health professionals 166
10.1 Summary of macro- versus micro-regulation 178
11.1 Forms of privatization: impacts on the socioeconomic security of staff 200
11.2 Numbers of physicians and nurses per 1000 population 19902002, in selected countries 207
List of figures
2.1 A framework for analysing future trends in HRH. 19
2.2 Trends in the share of the female workforce as a percentage of the total health workforce in selected countries in the 1990s (Germany 19891994) (adapted from Gupta et al. 2003). 21
2.3 Female practising physicians as a percentage of all practising physicians in selected countries in the 1990s (Belgium 19901998, Sweden 19901999) (from OECD 2003). 22
2.4 Changes in estimated average age of withdrawal from the labour force in selected European countries between 19701975 and 1993/41998/9 (adapted from OECD 2002a). 23
3.1 Origin of new qualifications registered with An Bord Altranais (from An Bord and Buchan et al. 2003). 51
3.2 Flow of nurses between Ireland and the United Kingdom, as measured by number of requests for verification, 19942002. 51
3.3 Number of international nurse registrants to Norway as recorded by SAFH 19962002 (2002 data are provisional). Other Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland and Sweden (from SAFH statistics on overseas recruitment and Buchan et al. 2003). 52
3.4 Doctors: number of new full entrants to GMC (United Kingdom) register from EEA countries, United Kingdom training and other countries, 19932003. 54
3.5 Percentage of physicians intending to migrate to EU countries, 2002 (from Open Society Institute 2003). 56
5.1 Influencing outcomes of HPE: the challenge for health policy-makers. 81
______________________________
This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.
Stuart Basefsky
Director, IWS News Bureau
Institute for Workplace Studies
Cornell/ILR School
16 E. 34th Street, 4th Floor
New York, NY 10016
Telephone: (607) 255-2703
Fax: (607) 255-9641
E-mail: smb6@cornell.edu
****************************************
_______________________________
Institute for Workplace Studies----------------- Professor Samuel B. Bacharach
School of Industrial & Labor Relations-------- Director, Institute for Workplace Studies
Cornell University
16 East 34th Street, 4th floor---------------------- Stuart Basefsky
New York, NY 10016 -------------------------------Director, IWS News Bureau
________________________________________________________________________
World Health Organization (WHO)
European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies & Open University Press
Human Resources for Health in Europe [2006]
http://www.euro.who.int/Document/E87923.pdf
[full-text, 276 pages]
Edited by Carl-Ardy Dubois, Martin McKee and Ellen Nolte
Contents
Acknowledgements ix
List of tables xi
List of boxes xiii
List of figures xv
List of contributors xvii
Series editors introduction xix
Foreword xxi
one Human resources for health in Europe 1
Carl-Ardy Dubois, Ellen Nolte and Martin McKee
two Analysing trends, opportunities and challenges 15
Carl-Ardy Dubois, Martin McKee and Ellen Nolte
three Migration of health workers in Europe: policy problem or policy solution? 41
James Buchan
four Changing professional boundaries 63
Martin McKee, Carl-Ardy Dubois and Bonnie Sibbald
five Structures and trends in health profession education in Europe 79
Elizabeth K. Kachur and Karl Krajic
six Managing the performance of health professionals 98
Charles Shaw
seven Health care managers as a critical component of the health care workforce 116
Ann Mahon and Ruth Young
eight Incentives in health care: the shift in emphasis from the implicit to the explicit 140
Alan Maynard
nine Enhancing working conditions 155
Sigrún Gunnarsdóttir and Anne Marie Rafferty
ten Reshaping the regulation of the workforce in European health care systems 173
Carl-Ardy Dubois, Anna Dixon and Martin McKee
eleven The challenges of transition in CEE and the NIS of the former USSR 193
Carl Afford and Suszy Lessof
twelve The impact of EU law and policy 214
Rita Baeten and Yves Jorens
thirteen Moving forward: building a strategic framework for the development of the health care workforce 235
Carl-Ardy Dubois, Martin McKee and Ellen Nolte
Index 241
viii Human resources for health in Europe
List of tables
2.1 Approaches to analysing future trends 18
2.2 Ratio of the duration of retirement compared to working life in Europe, 1950 and 1990 23
2.3 GPs use of electronic technology (%) 27
3.1 Main push and pull factors in migration and international recruitment of health workers 44
3.2 Typology of migrant health workers 45
3.3 Doctors and nurses of EU Member States obtaining authorization to practise in other EU countries in 2000 46
3.4 Key indicators of migration and international recruitment of health workers 48
3.5 Examples of potential policy interventions in international recruitment 60
4.1 Factors driving changes in skill mix and possible responses 65
4.2 A taxonomy of changes in skill mix in health care 66
4.3 Potential substitutes for nursing roles 70
5.1 Educational paths for medicine and nursing in Europe 85
5.2 Trainee selection strategies 91
5.3 Curriculum topics that cross discipline and national lines 95
6.1 Explicit national policies on performance 100
7.1 Attitudes of different United Kingdom professionals to health service modernization 120
8.1 Types of incentives in medical practice 144
8.2 Provider payment systems 148
9.1 Work context and conditions for quality 160
9.2 Management of people and conditions for quality 164
9.3 Factors supporting positive attributes in health professionals 166
10.1 Summary of macro- versus micro-regulation 178
11.1 Forms of privatization: impacts on the socioeconomic security of staff 200
11.2 Numbers of physicians and nurses per 1000 population 19902002, in selected countries 207
List of figures
2.1 A framework for analysing future trends in HRH. 19
2.2 Trends in the share of the female workforce as a percentage of the total health workforce in selected countries in the 1990s (Germany 19891994) (adapted from Gupta et al. 2003). 21
2.3 Female practising physicians as a percentage of all practising physicians in selected countries in the 1990s (Belgium 19901998, Sweden 19901999) (from OECD 2003). 22
2.4 Changes in estimated average age of withdrawal from the labour force in selected European countries between 19701975 and 1993/41998/9 (adapted from OECD 2002a). 23
3.1 Origin of new qualifications registered with An Bord Altranais (from An Bord and Buchan et al. 2003). 51
3.2 Flow of nurses between Ireland and the United Kingdom, as measured by number of requests for verification, 19942002. 51
3.3 Number of international nurse registrants to Norway as recorded by SAFH 19962002 (2002 data are provisional). Other Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland and Sweden (from SAFH statistics on overseas recruitment and Buchan et al. 2003). 52
3.4 Doctors: number of new full entrants to GMC (United Kingdom) register from EEA countries, United Kingdom training and other countries, 19932003. 54
3.5 Percentage of physicians intending to migrate to EU countries, 2002 (from Open Society Institute 2003). 56
5.1 Influencing outcomes of HPE: the challenge for health policy-makers. 81
______________________________
This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.
Stuart Basefsky
Director, IWS News Bureau
Institute for Workplace Studies
Cornell/ILR School
16 E. 34th Street, 4th Floor
New York, NY 10016
Telephone: (607) 255-2703
Fax: (607) 255-9641
E-mail: smb6@cornell.edu
****************************************
# posted by SBasefsky : 6:30 AM
